Hadith No: 1
Al-Qurtubi - Tafsir al-Qurtubi - al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Quran - Al-Imran (3): 155
His statement, exalted be He: {Indeed, those who turned away among you on the day the two armies met were only pushed by Satan to some extent of what they had earned, and Allah had certainly forgiven them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing.}
Volume: (4) - Page Number: (230)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... His statement, exalted be He: {Indeed, Satan only pushed them to some extent of what they had earned (Al-Imran 3: 155)} This sentence is the explanation of: {Indeed, those who turned away (Al-Imran 3: 155)} and what is meant by turning away from the polytheists on the day of Uhud is from 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and others, as al-Suddi said: meaning those who fled to Medina during the defeat, rather than those who ascended the mountain. And it is said that this refers to specific individuals who delayed in joining the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) during their moment of defeat for three days before returning. The meaning of: {Indeed, Satan only pushed them (Al-Imran 3: 155)} is that he induced their slip by reminding them of past sins, causing them to fear remaining in place lest they be killed.
- Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi mentioned Nasr ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, who said: Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Al-Siraj narrated to us, saying: Qutayba narrated to us, saying: Abu Bakr ibn Ghaylan narrated to us from Jarir that Uthman was speaking with Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, and Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf said to him: "Do you insult me, while I witnessed Badr and you did not? You pledged allegiance under a tree, and I did not." Uthman replied, saying: "As for your statement that I witnessed Badr and you did not, I did not miss anything that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) witnessed, except that the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) was ill, and I was with her, tending to her illness. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) struck me a share among the shares of the Muslims. As for the pledge of allegiance under the tree, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) appointed me as a guardian over the polytheists in Mecca" - a guardian is one who oversees - "and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) struck His right hand over His left and said: 'This is for Uthman.' So, the right and left hands of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) are better for me than my right and left.' And as for the day of the gathering," he said: {And Allah had certainly forgiven them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing (Al-Imran 3: 155)} I was among those whom Allah forgave."

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Reference: Tafseer al-Qurtubbi Book 4

Hadith No: 2
Al-Qurtubi - Tafsir al-Qurtubi - al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Quran - Surah Al-Imran (3): 155
His statement, exalted be He: {Indeed, those who turned back among you on the day the two armies met, it was Satan who caused them to stumble because of some of what they had earned. And Allah had certainly forgiven them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing.}
Volume: (4) - Page Number: (230)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- As in Sahih al-Bukhari, who said: Abdullah narrated to us, narrating from Abu Hamzah, from Uthman ibn Muwaheb, who said: A man came to perform Hajj at the House and saw some people sitting. He said: Who are these sitting? They said: These are Quraysh. He asked: Who is the elder? They said: Ibn Umar. So he went to him and said: I ask you about something; will you talk to me? He replied: I urge you by the sanctity of this House, do you know that Uthman ibn Affan fled on the Day of Uhud? He said: Yes. The man asked: Do you know that he was absent from Badr and did not witness it? He said: Yes. The man continued: Do you know that he hesitated to pledge allegiance at the Pledge of Ridwan and did not witness it? He said: Yes. The man then declared: Allah is Great! Ibn Umar said: Come, I will tell you and clarify to you about what you asked me. As for his fleeing on the Day of Uhud, bear witness that Allah forgave him. As for his absence from Badr, it was because he was under the care of the Prophet's (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) daughter, who was ill. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said to him: You will have the reward of a man who witnessed Badr and its share. As for his absence from the Pledge of Ridwan, if there had been anyone more esteemed in the heart of Mecca than Uthman ibn Affan, the Prophet would have sent him in place of Uthman, but Uthman was sent.

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Reference: Tafseer al-Qurtubbi Book 4

Hadith No: 3
Al-Qurtubi - Tafsir al-Qurtubi - al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Quran - Ta-Ha: 120
His statement, exalted be He: {Then Satan whispered to him, and said, "O Adam, shall I direct you to the tree of eternity and a kingdom that will not fade away?"}
Volume: (11) - Page Number: (168)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... Ibn Umar used this to argue against one who said to him, "Ithman fled on the Day of Uhud." Ibn Umar responded, "Ithman has no fault upon him, for Allah, exalted be He, has indeed forgiven him with His statement: {And Allah had certainly forgiven them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing} (Al-Imran 3:155)."

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Reference: Tafseer al-Qurtubbi Book 11