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عربي

When did Muawiyah accept Islam?!

Hadith No: 1
Al-Dhahabi - Siyar A'lam al-Nubala - The Companions (r) - Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan
Volume: (3) - Page Number: (122)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan: Sakhr ibn Harb ibn Umayya ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusi ibn Kilab, Ameer al-Mu'mineen, King of Islam, Abu Abd al-Rahman, the Qurashi, Umayyad, and Meccan. His mother was Hind bint Utba ibn Rabi'a ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusi .... Then al-Waqidi said: And he witnessed the Battle of Hunayn with him, and he gave him from the war booty one hundred camels and forty uqiya. I say: Al-Waqidi does not understand what he is saying, for if Mu'awiya was, as reported, an early Muslim, why would the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) seek to win his favor? And if he had given him anything, he would not have said when he proposed to Fatima bint Qais: "As for Mu'awiya, he is a wastrel with no money."
Reference: Seyar A'laam al-Nobalaa Book 3
Hadith No: 2
Ibn Kathir - Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya
Then the year 463 AH began, and among the notable figures who died in it
Volume: (16) - Page Number: (28)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... He returned to Baghdad and was favored by the minister Abu al-Qasim ibn al-Muslima. When the Jews of the Khaybar tribe claimed that they had a prophetic book with them that included the abrogation of the jizya (tax) on them, Ibn al-Muslima had the preacher (al-Khatib) stand before him and examine this book. He said, "This is a lie." It was asked of him, "What is the proof of that?" He replied, "Because it contains the testimony of Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, and he had not yet converted to Islam on the day of Khaybar, which was in the year 7 AH. Muawiya only embraced Islam on the Day of Conquest (the opening of Mecca)."
Reference: Al-Bidaayah wa al-Nihaayah Book 16
Hadith No: 3
Al-Shawkani - Nail al-Awtar, Commentary on the Selected Narrations - Book of Hudud
Book on the Punishment for Drinking Alcohol - Chapter on What was Narrated Regarding the Killing of the Drinker in the Fourth Offense and Clarification of its Abrogation
Volume: (7) - Page Number: (176)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... Those who affirm the death penalty have argued that the aforementioned hadith of Muawiyah is later than the hadiths that rule against the death penalty because Muawiyah’s Islam is later. This was answered by stating that the later Islam of the narrator does not necessitate the later timing of what is narrated, as it is possible that he reports this from others among the companions whose Islam predates his.
Reference: Nayl al-Awtaar Sharh Muntaqa al-Akhbaar Book 7
Hadith No: 4
Al-Bayhaqi - al-Sunan al-Kubra - Book of Prayer
The Collection of Chapters on Prostrations of Mistake and Prostrations of Thankfulness
Chapter on Evidence that It is Not Permissible for It to Be
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (510)
3925 - Abu Sa'id al-Isfara'yini narrated to us, saying: Abu Bahr al-Barbahari narrated to us, from Bishr ibn Musa, who said: al-Humaydi said, while mentioning this issue and interpreting the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) as referring to intentional acts: He said: And if someone says, "What indicates this?" Its apparent meanings are intentional acts, forgetfulness, and ignorance." We can say: You are correct, this is the apparent meaning. However, Ibn Mas'ud's action was from the land of Abyssinia before the Battle of Badr, and he then witnessed Badr after this statement. When we find that the Islam of Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) and the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) was in Khaybar, three years before the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), and that he attended the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) and the statement of Dhul-Yadayni (the Man with Two Hands), and we find that 'Imran ibn Husayn attended the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) again and the statement of al-Kharbaq, and that the Islam of 'Imran was after Badr, and we see that Mu'awiya ibn Hujaj attended the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) and the statement of Talha ibn Ubaydullah, and that Mu'awiya's Islam was two months before the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), and we find that Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) supported Ibn Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) in this matter and mentioned that it was the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), and that Ibn Abbas was ten years old when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) passed away. We also find that Ibn Umar narrated this, and that the approval of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) to Ibn Umar was on the Day of Khandaq (the Trench) after Badr. Thus, we know that the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) was specific to intentional acts and not forgetfulness, and if that hadith addressed forgetfulness and intentional acts at that time, then the prayers of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) would be abrogating it, as they occurred after it.
Reference: Al-Sunan al-Kubra Book 2
Hadith No: 5
Ibn Sa'd - Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra - Enumeration of Those Who Settled in Greater Syria from the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny)
The Earlier Ones - 3718: Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb
Volume: (7) - Page Number: (285)
- Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb ibn Umayyah ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy, and his mother was Hind bint Utbah ibn Rabiah ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy. Muawiyah was also kunya'd Abu Abd al-Rahman, and he had descendants. It was mentioned that he embraced Islam in the year of Hudaybiyyah and that he concealed his Islam from Abu Sufyan. He said: "Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) entered Mecca in the year of the Conquest, and I revealed my Islam." He met him, and he welcomed me and wrote for him. Muawiyah witnessed with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) the battles of Hunayn and Ta'if, and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) gave him from the spoils of war in Hunayn one hundred camels and forty uqiyyahs, which Bilal weighed for him. He narrated hadiths from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) and Umar ibn al-Khattab appointed him to Damascus, appointing him as the deputy of his brother Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan when Yazid died. He remained a governor for Umar until Umar was killed. Then, Uthman ibn Affan appointed him to that position as well, and he gathered all of Greater Syria for him until Uthman was killed. His rule over Greater Syria lasted twenty years as an emir. Then he was pledged allegiance to for the caliphate, and allegiance was given to him after Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him and his holy progeny). He remained caliph for twenty years until he died on the night of Thursday, the fifteenth of Rajab in the year sixty, and he was then seventy-eight years old.
Reference: Al-Tabaqaat al-Kubra Book 7