Hadith No: 1
An-Nawawi - Sahih Muslim bi Sharh an-Nawawi - Book of Imamate
Chapter on the Virtue of the Just Imam and the Punishment of the Unjust, Encouragement to Be Gentle with the Rulership, and Prohibition of Inflicting Hardship upon Them
Volume: (12) - Page Number: (212)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... Her saying: (“But surely, what was done to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, my brother, will not prevent me from informing you”): indicates that it is appropriate to acknowledge the virtue of the virtuous and not to refrain from doing so due to enmity or a similar reason. They disagreed regarding the manner of Muhammad's death; some said he was killed in battle, others said he was killed as a captive afterward, and some said he was found later in a ruin inside the carcass of a dead donkey, and they burned him.

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Reference: Saheeh Muslim Be Sharh al-Nawawi Book 12

Hadith No: 2
Al-Haythami - Majma' al-Zawa'id wa Manba' al-Fawa'id - Book of Virtues
Chapter on what was narrated about the Virtues of Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) - Chapter on the events concerning him and his death (may Allah be pleased with him)
Volume: (9) - Page Number: (97)
14568 - And al-Hasan said: "The transgressor Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was taken in a narrow passage in Egypt, then he was placed inside the belly of a donkey and burned." This was narrated by al-Tabarani, and its narrators are trustworthy.

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Reference: Majma al-Zawaaed wa Mamba' al-Fawaaed Book 9

Hadith No: 3
Al-Tabari - History of al-Tabari - Year Thirty-Eight - Mention of Events That Occurred in It
Volume: (5) - Page Number: (104)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... One of them said, "By Allah, no, except that I entered that ruin and found a man sitting inside." Ibn Khidij said, "It is him, by the Lord of the Kaaba!" So they ran until they entered upon him and extracted him, and he was near death from thirst. They came to him, bringing him toward the tent of Egypt. He continued, and his brother, Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, leaped to Amr ibn al-As, who was in his army, and said, "Will you kill my brother in cold blood? Send for Muawiya ibn Khidij and command him to stop." Amr ibn al-As sent for Muawiya ibn Khidij, ordering him to come to him with Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. Muawiya said, "Is this how you killed Kinanah ibn Bishr and will you leave me alone with Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr? Never! Are your disbelievers better than the former ones, or do you have a justification in the scriptures?" Muhammad said to them, "Give me some water." Muawiya ibn Khidij replied, "May Allah not grant him water! If He ever gives you a drop, it is because you prevented Uthman from drinking water until you killed him, while he was fasting and in a state of ihram. So Allah will meet him with the sealing nectar." "By Allah, I will kill you, son of Abi Bakr, and Allah will give you to drink of scalding water and pus." Muhammad said to him, "O son of the Jewish weaver, that is not up to you or to those you mentioned; it is only up to Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, to give drink to His allies and to keep His enemies thirsty. You and your kind, and those who follow you." He continued, "By Allah, if my sword were in my hand, you would not reach this from me." Muawiya said to him, "Do you know what I will do to you? I will throw you into the belly of a donkey and then burn it on you with fire." Muhammad replied, "If you do that to me, it has long been the case that this was done to the allies of Allah, and I will pray that this fire, which you use to burn me, be made by Allah cool and peaceful upon me, as it was made upon His friend, Ibrahim, and that it be upon you and your allies as it was upon Nimrod and his allies. Indeed, Allah will burn you and those you mentioned before, and your leader," referring to Muawiya, "and this," indicating Amr ibn al-As, "with a fire that blazes against you, increasing in intensity whenever it dims." Muawiya replied, "I am only killing you because of Uthman." Muhammad said to him, "And what are you and Uthman? Uthman acted unjustly and rejected the judgment of the Quran, and Allah, the Exalted, has said: {And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the transgressors} (Surah al-Maidah 5:47) ....

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Reference: Taarikh al-Tabari Book 5

Hadith No: 4
Ibn Abi Shaibah - Al-Kitab al-Musannaf fi al-Ahadith wa al-Athar
Book of the Emirs - What was mentioned about the حديث (narratives) of the emirs and entering upon them
Volume: (6) - Page Number: (207)
30709 - Aswad ibn Amer narrated to us, who said: Jarir ibn Hazim narrated to us, who said: I heard Muhammad ibn Sirin say: Ali ibn Abi Talib sent Qays ibn Sa'd as an emir over Egypt. Then Muawiyah and Amr ibn al-As wrote to him with a letter in which they were harsh and insulted him, threatening him. He wrote to them with a letter to provoke jealousy and instill ambition in them regarding himself. He said: When he gave them the letter, they wrote to him with a letter mentioning his virtue and enticing him regarding what was before them. So he wrote to them in response to their first letter, admonishing them harshly, leaving nothing unsaid. Then one of them said to the other: "By God, we cannot stand up to Qays ibn Sa'd." But let us go and scheme against him with Ali." So they sent his letter to Ali. The people of Kufa said to him: "Enemy of God, Qays ibn Sa'd, so depose him." Ali said: "Woe to you! By God, I know this is one of his actions." But they refused to do anything but depose him, so he deposed him and sent Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. When Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr arrived in Egypt and met Qays ibn Sa'd, Qays said to him: "Look at what I command you when Muawiyah writes to you about this and that. Write to him about this and that. And when he does this, do that. And beware of contradicting what I have commanded you, for by God, it is as if I see you, if you do, you will be killed and then your body will be placed in the belly of a donkey and burned with fire." So he did that.

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Reference: Al-Musannaf Book 6

Hadith No: 5
Al-Tabarani - al-Mu'jam al-Kabir - al-Asharah
The Account of Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) - Uthman's Age and Death (may Allah be pleased with him)
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (84)
123 - Zakariyya ibn Yahya al-Saji narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Abi Safwan al-Thaqafi narrated to us, saying: Umayyah ibn Khalid narrated to us, from Qurrat ibn Khalid, who said: I heard al-Hasan say: "The transgressor Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was taken in a narrow alley in Egypt and placed inside the belly of a donkey, then burned."

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Reference: al-Mo'jam al-Kabeer Book 1

Hadith No: 6
Ibn Sa'd - al-Tabaqat al-Kubra
Discussion of the First Class: They are the Badriyyin from the Emigrants and the Helpers
Classes of the Badriyyin from the Emigrants
From Banu Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusai - 14: Uthman ibn Affan
Mention of the Egyptians and the Confinement of Uthman (ra)
Volume: (3) - Page Number: (61)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... He said: Amr ibn Asim al-Kalabi narrated to us, saying: Abu al-Ashhab narrated to us, saying: al-Hasan narrated to us, that when they were seized by the punishment, meaning the killers of Uthman ibn Affan, he said: The transgressor, the son of Abu Bakr, was taken. Abu al-Ashhab said that al-Hasan did not refer to him by his name, but only called him the transgressor. Then he was taken and placed inside the belly of a donkey and burned upon it.

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Reference: Al-Tabaqaat al-Kubra Book 3

Hadith No: 7
Ibn Shabah al-Namiri - Tarikh al-Medina
What has been narrated about Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in his disavowal of the killing of Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) in various wordings indicates that he was innocent.
Volume: (4) - Page Number: (1284/1285)
- Ibrahim ibn al-Mundhir narrated to us, who said: Abdullah ibn Wahb narrated to us, who said: Yunus ibn Yazid informed me from Abu Shahab, who said: It reached me that you performed ablution. I said: Yes. He said: And I received a wound from which I was bleeding, and I would regain consciousness at times, so I took ablution and performed it, and then took the Mushaf and began to read, to act boldly with it against the wicked. Then a young man came, looking like a wolf, and he peered in briefly before returning. We said: Perhaps something has restrained them, perhaps something has made them retreat. When they were indeed compelled to me, they would pull at the door. He said: Then they came and pushed the door, and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr came, and al-Hasan began to curse him until he knelt on Uthman's knees. Then he took hold of his beard, which was long and handsome, and shook it until I heard the sound of his molars. He said: "What good has it done you, Muawiya? What good has it done you, Ibn Abi Sarh? What good has it done you, Ibn Amir?" Uthman replied: "O son of my brother, wait! By Allah, if your father were here, he would not sit in this council before me." Then some of them nudged each other and signaled him with an arrow, and they took turns attacking him and killed him. He said that none of them escaped, chewing, and he went to Egypt and took the governor of Egypt, bringing him forth to kill him. They said: "Son of Ibn Abi Bakr and brother of Aisha." He replied: "By Allah, I will not engage in a debate with anyone about this after Uthman's murder," and killed him. Al-Hasan or al-Qatadah, or both, said: "Then they placed him in the belly of a donkey and burned him."

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Reference: Taareekh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah Book 4

Hadith No: 8
Al-Osbehani - Ma'rifat al-Sahabah - al-Asma'
Ma'rifat al-`Asharah al-Mashhud lahum bil-Jannah - Uthman ibn Affan (ra)
Ma'rifat his age, governorship, death, prayer over him, and burial; there is a difference of opinion regarding his age
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (68)
261 - Narrated to us by Sulayman ibn Ahmad, who said: Zakariya al-Saji narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn Safwan al-Thaqafi narrated to us, who said: Umayyah ibn Khalid narrated to us, from Qura ibn Khalid, who said: I heard al-Hasan say: "The transgressor Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was taken in a narrow passage in Egypt, placed inside the belly of a donkey, and burned."

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Reference: Ma'refat As-Sahabah Book 1

Hadith No: 9
Ibn al-Athir - Asad al-Ghabah fi Ma'rifat al-Sahabah - Letter M
Chapter on the letters Meem and Haa - 4751: Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr
Volume: (5) - Page Number: (97)
- Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Uthman and he is Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-Siddiq, and his mother was Asma' bint Umais al-Khath'amiyyah. His lineage was mentioned earlier when discussing his father. He was born during the Farewell Pilgrimage at Dhul-Hulayfah, five days before the end of Dhul-Qi'dah. His mother had set out for Hajj and gave birth to him there. Abu Bakr consulted the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), who instructed her to perform ghusl and enter ihram, and not to circumambulate the Kaaba until she was pure. Abu al-Haram Makki ibn Ruban ibn Shubbah al-Nahwi narrated to us, with his chain of transmission, from Yahya ibn Yahya, from Malik, from Abdur-Rahman ibn al-Qasim, from his father, from Asma' bint Umais, that she said: She gave birth to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr at Al-Baida, and Abu Bakr mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), who said: "Command her to wash and enter ihram." Aisha used to nickname Muhammad "Abu al-Qasim," and he named his son Qasim, so he would be known by this name, and Aisha would also refer to him in this way during the time of the companions, and they saw nothing wrong with it. Ali married his mother, Asma' bint Umais, after the death of Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr had married her after the killing of Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, and he was his stepson, raised in his care. He fought alongside Ali at the Battle of Jamal, leading the infantry, and also witnessed the Battle of Siffin with him. Then he appointed him as governor of Egypt, where he was killed. He was among those who besieged Uthman ibn Affan and entered upon him to kill him. Uthman said to him: "If your father saw you, he would be displeased with your actions," so he left him and went out. When he became governor of Egypt, Amr ibn al-As marched against him, and they fought. Muhammad was defeated and entered a ruin, where he was taken out, killed, and his body burned inside the carcass of a dead donkey. It was said that he was killed by Muawiya ibn Hujayj al-Sukuni, or that he was killed by Amr ibn al-As in cold blood. When Aisha learned of his death, she was greatly distressed and said: "I considered him a son and a brother, and since he was burned, Aisha has not eaten meat that is roasted." He had piety and worship, and Ali praised him. He was the maternal brother of Abdullah ibn Ja'far and the maternal brother of Yahya ibn Ali. The three of them recorded him.

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Reference: Osad al-Ghabah fi Ma'refah al-Shahabah Book 5

Hadith No: 10
Ibn Hibban - al-Thiqat - al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah - Mentioning the Description of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny)
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (297/298)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... So when the thirty-eighth year arrived, they gathered for their appointed meeting with the two arbiters at Udhruh, and among them were from the people of Medina, Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, Abdullah ibn az-Zubair, and Ibn Umar. Ali did not come out in person. Muawiya joined them with the people of Sham, and there was what there was between him and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari. The people dispersed and returned to their homelands, and Abdullah ibn Umar regretted his presence at Udhruh, so he entered ihram from Jerusalem that year and returned to Mecca. Muawiya consulted his companions about Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, who was the governor of Egypt, and they all agreed to march against him. Amr ibn al-As set out with four thousand, including Abu al-Awfar al-Sulami and Muawiya ibn Hudayj. They met at al-Masnatah and fought fiercely. Kinana ibn Bishr ibn Ittab al-Tajibi was killed, and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was defeated. He fought until he was killed, and it is said that he was stuffed into the belly of a dead donkey and then burned with fire. When Ali heard of Muawiya's joy at his killing, he said: "We grieve for him as much as they rejoice at his death."

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Reference: At Theqaat Book 2

Hadith No: 11
Ibn Khaldun - Tarikh Ibn Khaldun
Volume Two, which includes: The Accounts of the Arabs, their Generations, and their States from the Beginning of Creation to this Time
The Third Generation of Arabs: Those are the Arabs subordinate to the Arabs, and a mention of their divisions, lineages, and kingdoms...
The Expeditions - The Islamic Caliphate - The Governance of Amr ibn al-As in Egypt
Part: (2) - Page Number: (642)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... So Amr ibn al-As was commanded to prepare to go to Egypt with six thousand men and was advised to proceed with caution and to avoid haste. He settled in the lower land of Egypt, and the Ottoman forces gathered around him. He sent his letter and the letter of Muawiya to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, threatening him and stating that the people had gathered against him, and they were your captors, so come out. He sent the letters to Ali, who promised to send out armies and instructed him to fight the enemy and remain patient. Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr advanced with Kinanah ibn Bishr and two thousand men. Muawiya sent Amr ibn Hujayj and dispatched him with the people of al-Sham, and they surrounded Kinanah. He dismounted from his horse and fought until he was martyred. The news came to Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, and his companions dispersed from him, seeking refuge in a ruin, and he hid in that ruined place. He was eventually captured, and Ibn Hujayj took him and brought him to al-Fustat. Abd al-Rahman, his brother, requested Amr to send someone to Ibn Hujayj to ensure his safety, but he refused. Muhammad sought water, but Ibn Hujayj prevented him as retribution for what he had done to Uthman, and then he burned him inside a donkey’s carcass after cursing him and calling down maledictions upon him, and upon Muawiya and Amr. Aisha used to invoke God during prayers, praying against the murderers. It is said that when he was defeated, he hid with Jubayla ibn Masruq until Muawiya ibn Hujayj and his companions surrounded him. He then came out to them and fought until he was killed. When the news reached Ali, he addressed the people, urging them to confront their enemies and said: "Let us go out to the encounter between al-Hirah and Kufa."

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Reference: Tarikh Ibn Khaldoon Book 2

Hadith No: 12
Ibn Abi al-Hadid - Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah (Commentary on Nahj al-Balaghah)
Volume: (6) - Page Number: (86)
- Ibrahim said: Muhammad ibn Abdullah narrated to us from al-Mada'ini about Muhammad ibn Yusuf, that when Amr ibn al-As killed Kinana, he turned toward Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, whose companions had scattered from him. Muhammad went out slowly and continued on his way until he reached a ruined place and took refuge there. Amr ibn al-As came until he entered the camp (fusṭāṭ) and Muawiya ibn Hujayj went out in search of Muhammad until he came to some fellows by the roadside. He asked them: "Has anyone passed by you that you did not recognize?" They said: "No." One of them said: "I entered that ruin, and there was a man sitting there." Ibn Hujayj said: "It is him, by the Lord of the Kaaba." So they ran off until they entered upon Muhammad, and they brought him out, nearly dying of thirst. They turned toward the camp (fusṭāṭ). Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, his brother, leapt to Amr ibn al-As, who was in his army, and said: "By God, my brother will not be killed in cold blood. Send to Muawiya ibn Hujayj and command him to stop." Amr ibn al-As sent a message: "Bring me Muhammad." Muawiya replied: "Did you kill Kinana ibn Bashir, my cousin, and then release Muhammad? Never! (Are your disbelievers better than the first ones, or do you have any immunity in the scriptures?)" Muhammad said: "Give me a drop of water." Muawiya ibn Hujayj replied: "May God not quench my thirst if I ever give you a drop!" You prevented Uthman from drinking water until you killed him, fasting and in ihram, so God gave him to drink from the sealed nectar. By God, I will kill you, son of Abi Bakr, while you are thirsty, and God will give you to drink from boiling water and the remnants of sin." Muhammad said to him: "O son of the weaving Jewish woman, that day is not for you or Uthman; it is for God, who will give drink to His allies and leave His enemies thirsty, and you are among them, you and your companions, and those you support and who support you. By God, if I had my sword in my hand, you would not achieve what you have against me." Muawiya ibn Hujayj said to him: "Do you know what I will do to you? I will enter you into the belly of this dead donkey and then burn it over you with fire." Muhammad replied: "If you do that to me, you have long done that to the allies of God. And I swear by God, I hope that He will make this fire you threaten me with cool and safe, as He made it for Abraham, His friend, and that He will make it upon you and your allies, as He did upon Nimrod and his allies. I also hope that God will burn you." This and he pointed to Amr ibn al-As "with a fire that blazes whenever it dims, God will increase it in intensity upon you." Muawiya ibn Hujayj said: "I do not kill you unjustly; I am only killing you because of Uthman ibn Affan." Muhammad replied: "What do you have to do with Uthman? A man who acted unjustly and altered the judgment of God and the Quran." And Allah, the Exalted, has said: {And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is they who are the disbelievers} (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:44) {And it is they who are the wrongdoers} (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:45) {And it is they who are the transgressors} (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:47). "We took issue with him over some things he did, so we wanted him to be publicly removed from the caliphate, but he did not do so, and those who killed him did so." Muawiya ibn Hujayj became angry, brought him forward, struck his neck, then threw him into the belly of a donkey and burned him with fire. When this reached Aisha, she mourned him greatly and would stand in prayer after every obligatory prayer, calling down curses on Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, Amr ibn al-As, and Muawiya ibn Hujayj. Muhammad's wife and children were taken to her, and Qasim ibn Muhammad was one of her dependents. Ibn Hujayj was a cursed, evil man who would curse Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him).

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Reference: Sharh Nahj al-Balaaghah Book 6