Hadith No: 1
Al-Dhahabi - Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' - Sirah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs - Biography of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (ra)
The Death of Malik ibn Nuwaira al-Tamimi al-Hanzhali al-Yarbou'i
Volume: (28) - Page Number: (44)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... Salim ibn Abdullah narrated from his father: He said: Abu Qatadah al-Ansari came to Abu Bakr and informed him of the killing of Malik ibn Nuwaira and his companions, and he was distressed by this. Then he paid the fines for Malik and returned the captives and the wealth.

---

Reference: Seyar A'laam al-Nobalaa Book 28

Hadith No: 2
Al-Dhahabi - Tarikh al-Islam wa Wafat al-Mashahir wal-A'lam (History of Islam and the Deaths of the Famous and Notable) - Volume 3: The Era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs
Year Eleven - The Killing of Malik ibn Nuwayra al-Tamimi al-Hanzhali al-Yarbou'i
Part: (3) - Page Number: (36/37)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... And al-Muqri reported from al-Zuhri, who said: And Khalid sent a contingent to Malik ibn Nuwayra, among whom was Abu Qatada, and they marched that day in haste until they reached the settlement of the tribe. Malik came out with his companions and said: Who are you? They replied: We are the Muslims. Abu Qatada claimed that he said: And I am a servant of Allah, a Muslim. Then he said: Put down your weapons. So they laid them down in front of twelve men. When they had put down their weapons, the commander of that contingent bound them and set out with them as captives, and those taken as spoils of war accompanied them until they brought them to Khalid. Abu Qatada informed Khalid that they had safety and that they claimed to be Muslims, while the group with him contradicted Abu Qatada and informed Khalid that there was no safety for them, but they were being taken by force. So Khalid ordered that they be killed, and their belongings be confiscated. Abu Qatada mounted his horse and went ahead to Abu Bakr. When he arrived, he said: Do you know that Malik ibn Nuwayra had a pact, and that he claimed to be a Muslim? I warned Khalid, but he disregarded my words and acted on the testimonies of the Bedouins who sought plunder. Then Umar stood and said: O Abu Bakr, there is reluctance in Khalid's sword, and this was not right. It is your duty to hold him accountable. Abu Bakr fell silent, and Khalid went on to al-Yamama. Muttammim ibn Nuwayra arrived and recited a mournful poem to Abu Bakr, mourning his brother and pleading with him for justice in his brother's blood and their captivity. Abu Bakr returned the captives to him, and said to Umar, who was pleading for retribution: Khalid is not liable for what you say; perhaps he acted on a misunderstanding and erred.

---

Reference: Taarikh al islaam wa wafyaat al mushaheer wal a'alaam Book 3

Hadith No: 3
Ibn al-Athir - Asad al-Ghabah fi Ma'rifat al-Sahabah
Letter M - Chapter on the Letter Meem and Alif - 4654: Malik ibn Nuwayrah
Volume: (5) - Page Number: (48)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- Malik ibn Nuwayrah ibn Hamzah ibn Shaddad ibn Ubayd ibn Thalabah ibn Yarbua' al-Tamimi al-Yarbua'i, brother of Mutammim ibn Nuwayrah, came to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), embraced Islam, and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) appointed him over some of the alms of the Banu Tamim. When the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) passed away, the Arabs reverted to disbelief, and Sajah appeared, claiming prophethood. He made peace with her, but no apostasy was shown by him, and he stayed in al-Baṭah. When Khalid finished with Banu Asad and Ghatfan, he set out for Malik and arrived at al-Baṭah, but found no one there, for Malik had dispersed them and forbid them from gathering. When Khalid arrived at al-Baṭah, he sent out his raiding parties, and one brought Malik ibn Nuwayrah and a few of his people. The party disagreed about them, and among them was Abu Qatadah. Those who witnessed said that they had prayed and remained. He detained them for a night in the cold and commanded Khalid to announce, "Warm your captives," which in the language of Kinanah means death, so they killed them. Khalid heard the commotion and went out to see that they had been killed, so he married Khalid's wife. Omar said to Abu Bakr: "The sword of Khalid is over him, full of arrogance," but Abu Bakr replied: "He interpreted and was mistaken, yet I will not blunt a sword that Allah unsheathed against the polytheists," and he compensated Malik and Khalid returned to Abu Bakr. Omar said to him: "Enemy of Allah, you killed a man who was Muslim and then slept with his wife. I will stone you," and it was said that when the Muslims surrounded Malik and his companions at night, they took up arms and said, "We are the Muslims." Malik's companions replied, "And we are the Muslims." They said to them, "Put down your weapons and pray." Khalid excused himself for killing him, saying that Malik had said, "I do not think your companion said anything else," and when asked, "Do you not consider him a companion?" he replied, "Yes, and he killed him." Mutammim came to Abu Bakr seeking justice for his brother's blood and to have their captives returned. Abu Bakr ordered the return of the captives and compensated Malik from the public treasury. All of this was mentioned by al-Tabari and other imams, indicating that he did not apostatize, and they mentioned others among the companions further than this. It is strange that they left this, and there was disagreement about his apostasy while Omar said to Khalid: "You killed a man who was Muslim," and Abu Qatadah testified that they had prayed and were present, and Abu Bakr ordered the return of the captives and gave Malik's blood money from the public treasury. All of this indicates that he was a Muslim....

---

Reference: Osad al-Ghabah fi Ma'refah al-Shahabah Book 5

Hadith No: 4
Ibn al-Athir - al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh - Mention of Events in the Year Eleven - Mention of Malik ibn Nuwayra
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (213)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... So Khalid commanded a herald to call out, "Warm your captives!" which in the language of Kinanah means death. The people thought he intended killing, but he only meant to provide warmth. So they killed them. Durar ibn al-Azwar killed Malik, and Khalid heard the commotion, so he came out after they had finished with them and said: "When Allah intends a matter, it will be accomplished." The people differed among themselves about this. Abu Qatadah said, "This is your doing," and Khalid rebuked him. He became angry and went on until he came to Abu Bakr, who was also angry. Umar spoke to him about it, but he was not satisfied unless he returned to Khalid, so he went back to him and accompanied him to Medina. Khalid married Umm Tamim, Malik's wife. Umar said to Abu Bakr, "Khalid's sword is in this matter heavy-handed, and he is drawing more attention to himself in it." Abu Bakr replied, "Ah, Umar! He interpreted and erred. Keep your tongue from Khalid, for I will not lower a sword that Allah has unsheathed against the disbelievers and make amends for Malik." He wrote to Khalid to come to him, and he did, entering the mosque wearing a robe with a rust of iron on it, and arrows planted in his turban. Umar stood up to him, removed the arrows, and broke them, saying, "Did you kill a man who was Muslim out of spite? Then you lay with his wife! By Allah, I will stone you with your own stones!" Khalid did not speak to him, thinking that Abu Bakr's opinion was the same as his. He entered upon Abu Bakr, informed him of what had happened, and apologized to him. Abu Bakr forgave him and excused him, admonishing him for the marriage, which was looked upon with disfavor by the Arabs in times of war. Khalid left, and Umar was sitting, saying, "Come here, son of Umm Salamah!" Umar understood that Abu Bakr was pleased with him, so he did not speak to him. It was said that when the Muslims surrounded Malik and his companions at night, they took their weapons and said, "We are the Muslims." Malik's companions replied, "And we are Muslims." They said to them, "Put down your weapons," and they did so, then prayed. It was excused in Malik's killing that he said, "I do not think your companion said anything but this or that." He was told, "Do you not consider him a companion of yours?" Then he struck his neck.
- .... Mutimm ibn Nuwayra came to Abu Bakr seeking justice for his brother's blood and asking him to return their captives. Abu Bakr ordered the captives to be returned and made amends for Malik from the Bayt al-Mal. When he came to Umar, he said to him, "What has your grief over your brother brought you to?" He replied, "I mourned him for a year until my eyes, now sightless, were consoled, leaving the healthy eyes weeping...."

---

Reference: Al-Kamil Fi Tarikh Book 2

Hadith No: 5
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani - Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah - Letter M
Part One - M with Following Aleph - Mention of Those Whose Name is Malik - 7712: Malik ibn Nuwayrah
Volume: (5) - Page Number: (560/561)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... And Sayeef ibn Umar mentioned his story in detail in the Book of the Riddah and the Conquests, and from his account in Al-Tabari, which states that when Khalid ibn al-Walid came to al-Bat'ha, he spread the military detachments and brought Malik and a few of his people before him. The detachments differed, and Abu Qatadah was among those who witnessed that they had been given permission and had established prayer and prayed. Khalid detained them on a cold night, then he ordered a herald to announce, "Warm yourselves," which in their language was a euphemism for death. So, they killed them. After that, Khalid married Malik's wife, and Umar said to Abu Bakr: "There is something burdensome in Khalid's sword." Abu Bakr replied: "He interpreted and made a mistake, but I will not sheathe a sword that Allah unsheathed against the polytheists and he compensated for Malik." Khalid would say: "He was only commanded to kill Malik because when the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) was mentioned, he would say, 'I do not think your companion would do anything but say this or that,' and he was told, 'Do you not consider him a companion of yours?'"

---

Reference: Al-Isaabah Fi Tamyeez al-Sahaabah Book 5

Hadith No: 6
Al-Tabari - Tarikh al-Tabari - Year Eleven
Events of the Eleventh Year After the Death of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) - Mention of al-Bat'h and His Story
Volume: (3) - Page Number: (278/279)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... The detachment differed among themselves, and Abu Qatadah was among them, witnessing that they had been granted permission, had stood, and had prayed. When they began to dispute among themselves, he ordered that they be detained on a night that nothing could withstand, and it grew increasingly cold. Khalid then instructed a herald to call out, "Warm your captives!" In the language of Kinana, when they said, "Dither the man," and "Warm him," it meant to warm him until he died. In another language, it was "Adfeh" and "Dufeh," and the people, understanding it in their language of death, thought he meant to kill, so they killed them. Among those killed was Darrar ibn al-Azwar, who killed Malik. Khalid heard the commotion and came out when they had finished them. He said, "When Allah intends a matter, He brings it to pass." The people then began to differ about it, and Abu Qatadah said, "This is your doing," but Khalid rebuked him. He became angry and went on until he came to Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr was angry with him until Umar spoke to him about it, but he was not satisfied unless he could return to Khalid. So, he returned to Khalid and came back with him to Medina. Khalid married Umm Tamim, the daughter of al-Minhāl, and left her until her purification was complete, for the Arabs disliked women in warfare and would reproach him for it. Umar said to Abu Bakr, "There is some rashness in Khalid's sword. If this is not rightful action, it is incumbent upon him to be held accountable." Abu Bakr, however, would not hold his agents accountable or restrain them. He replied, "Ah, Umar, he interpreted and made a mistake. Keep your tongue away from Khalid and compensate Malik." He wrote to Khalid to come to him, and he did, informing him of his story, justifying him, accepting his explanation, and admonishing him for the marriage that the Arabs reproached him for. ....

---

Reference: Taarikh al-Tabari Book 3

Hadith No: 7
Ibn Khaldun - Tarikh Ibn Khaldun
Volume Two, which includes: The History of the Arabs, Their Generations, and Their Kingdoms from the Beginning of Creation to This Era
Discussion on the Generations of the Arabs, Their Origins, the Differences in Their Classes, Their Successions, and the Lineages of Each Class
The Third Class: The Arabs, namely, the Arabs subordinate to the Arabs, including a mention of their Avar tribes, Lineages, and Kingdoms
And what States they had, varying in nature, as well as the Bedouins and Travelers among them, and Their Rule - the Expeditions - the Islamic Caliphate - Malik ibn Nuwayra
Part: (2) - Page Number: (500/501)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... Malik ibn Nuwayra, when he hesitated in his matter, caused the sons of Hanthala to disperse in their possessions, forbidding them from fighting, and he returned to his home. When Khalid arrived, he sent out raiding parties inviting people to Islam and bringing back those who did not respond to be killed. They came back with Malik ibn Nuwayra and a few others from the sons of Tha'laba ibn Yarbu' and the raiding party disagreed about them. Abu Qatadah testified that they had prayed and given permission, so he detained them with Durar ibn al-Azwar. It was a rainy night, and his herald called out to warm your captives. This was in the language of Kinanah, a hint at killing. Durar hurried to kill them, being Kinanite, and Khalid heard the commotion, so he came out, regretful, having found them finished. Abu Qatadah criticized him, but Khalid rebuked him, causing him to become angry, and he went to Abu Bakr. It is said that when they brought them to Khalid, Malik addressed him, saying, "Your companion has done what your companion did." Khalid replied, "Do you not have a companion?" Then he killed him and all his companions. Later, Khalid went to Abu Bakr, and Umar suggested taking retribution from him for Malik ibn Nuwayra or removing him from his position, but he refused and said, "I would not strike down a sword that Allah has unsheathed against the disbelievers and he compensated for Malik and his companions and returned Khalid to his duties."

---

Reference: Tarikh Ibn Khaldoon Book 2

Hadith No: 8
Ibn Abi al-Hadid - Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (179)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... When Khalid killed Malik ibn Nuwayra and married his wife, Abu Qatadah al-Ansari was in his army. He mounted his horse and joined Abu Bakr, and swore that he would never march in an army under Khalid's banner again. He narrated the story to Abu Bakr, who said, "The spoils have certainly tempted the Arabs, and Khalid has left what I commanded him." Umar said, "You should hold him accountable for Malik." Abu Bakr fell silent, and Khalid came forward, entering the mosque wearing clothes that had become rusted from iron and with three arrows in his turban. When Umar saw him, he said, "Is this arrogance, O enemy of God? You have attacked a man from among the Muslims, killed him, and married his wife. By God, if Allah grants me power over you, I will stone you!" He then took the arrows from his turban and broke them, and Khalid remained silent, not responding to him, thinking that this was by the order and opinion of Abu Bakr. When he entered Abu Bakr and informed him, he confirmed him in what he had reported and accepted his excuse. Thus, Umar urged Abu Bakr against Khalid and suggested that he take retribution from him for Malik's blood, to which Abu Bakr replied, "Ease yourself, Umar; he is not the first to make a mistake." Then he compensated Malik's family from the Muslim treasury.

---

Reference: Sharh Nahj al-Balaaghah Book 1