Ahle Bayt Repo

عربي

Weak tradition - Companions are like stars

Hadith No: 1
Ibn Hajar al-Ascalani - Lisan al-Mizan - Letter al-Jim - Those Named Jamil
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (137/138)
594 - Jamil ibn Yazid, from Malik, from Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Jabir, who narrated from him: "Whatever you find in the Book of Allah, act upon it, and it is not permissible to neglect it in favor of something else." And in it, he said: "My companions are like the stars; by whichever of them you follow, you will be guided." Al-Daraqutni recorded this in his Ghara'ib Malik, and al-Khatib in his Rawat 'an Malik, through the chain of al-Hasan ibn Mahdi ibn Abda al-Marwazi, from Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Sukuni, from Bakr ibn Isa al-Marwazi, Abu Yahya, from Jamil, with him. Al-Daraqutni said: "This narration is not reliably established from Malik, and its narrators are unknown." I say: Ibn Abi Hatim ibn Yazid mentioned him from Abu Shahab al-Hanqat, and from him, Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Qais ibn Salman ibn Sharik al-Marwazi, who said: "I asked my father about him, and he said: 'I do not know him.'" Thus, al-Nabati mentioned him in the Thail al-Kamil. Jamil ibn Yazid or Jamil ibn Yazid al-Tha'lathani had been mentioned earlier, and it is clear that he is not the same as the one who narrated from Malik.

Reference: Lisaan al-Meezan Book 2
Hadith No: 2
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani - Al-Amali al-Mutlaqa
"The example of my companions in my Ummah is like the stars; whichever of them you follow, you will be guided."
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (59/60)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
88 - Then our leader and master, the Chief Justice, Shaykh al-Islam, may Allah grant the Muslims benefit with his presence, amen, narrated to us, saying: And with the previous chain to Abd ibn Humayd, who said: Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated to us, saying: Abu Shihab, who is Abd Rabbih ibn Naafi, narrated to us, from Hamzah al-Jazari, from Naafi from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said: "The example of my companions is like the stars; you can be guided by them. Whichever of them you take by their words, you will be guided." This is a strange hadith, narrated uniquely by Hamzah al-Jazari, and it is said that Hamzah ibn Abi Hamzah al-Nasibi narrated it. Ibn Adi recorded it in Al-Kamil from Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Aziz, from Amr ibn Muhammad al-Naqid, from Amr ibn Uthman al-Kilabi, from Abu Shihab, and it was transmitted to us as an elevated narration.
- Ibn Adi narrated several hadiths from Hamzah and said: None are corroborated, and they are all munkar (denounced). He reported that Yahya ibn Ma'in said about Hamzah: "He is not worth a dirham," and that al-Bukhari said: "He has munkar hadith."
- Ibn Abd al-Bar mentioned in his book Bayaan al-Ilm that Abu Bakr al-Bazzar was asked about this hadith and he said: "It is well-known among the people, but it does not have a sound chain of transmission." Abd al-Rahim ibn Zayd al-Ammi narrated it from his father, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, from Umar, and he might have said: from Ibn Umar. The flaw is in Abd al-Rahim." Ibn Abd al-Bar's statement was refuted by the narration of Shihab that I presented, and Abd al-Rahim and Hamzah are equal in terms of weakness. We have also obtained a narration from Jabir with a chain of transmission that is better than the two mentioned.

Reference: Al-Amaali al-Mutlaqah Book 1
Hadith No: 3
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani - Al-Amali al-Mutlaqa
"The example of my companions in my community is like the stars; whichever of them you follow, you will be guided."
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (60/61)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
88 - Abu Huraira ibn al-Dhahabi informed us by way of permission, saying: Al-Qasim ibn Abi Ghalib informed us, from Mahmoud ibn Ibrahim, who said: Abu al-Rashid Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Isbahani informed us, saying: Abd al-Wahhab ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq informed us, from my father, who said: Umar ibn al-Hasan informed us, saying: Abdullah ibn Ruh narrated to us, saying: Salam ibn Sulayman narrated to us, saying: al-Harith ibn Ghasan narrated to us, saying: al-A'mash narrated to us, from Abu Sufyan from Jabir (ra) from the Prophet (sa) who said, "The inclination of my companions in my community is like the inclination of the stars; whichever of them you follow, you will be guided." Darqutni recorded it in the Book of Virtues from Ahmad ibn Kamil, from Abdullah ibn Ruh, so it was transmitted to us as a high replacement.

- Ibn Abd al-Barr also narrated it through this chain and said: "It cannot establish a proof because al-Harith ibn Ghasan is unknown."
- He added: Husayn ibn Ali al-Ja'fi narrated from him, so now two people have narrated from him, and he has been deemed reliable, so he should not be called unknown However, the narrator about him was described by Abu Hatim as not strong.

- Ibn Adi and al-Uqayli said: "His narration is questionable."

- It was also narrated from the transmission of Juwaybir ibn Sa'id, one of those left, who said: at times from al-Duhak from Ibn Abbas from the Prophet (sa), and at times from Jawab ibn Ubaydullah from the Prophet (sa) in a meager form. Al-Bayhaqi said: "This text is well-known, but no reliable chain can be established for it."

Reference: Al-Amaali al-Mutlaqah Book 1
Hadith No: 4
Ibn Hazm - al-Ihkam fi Usul al-AhkAm - Chapter Thirty-Six on the Invalidity of Taqlid
Volume: (6) - Page Number: (83)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... As for what is narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny): "My companions are like stars; whichever of them you follow, you will be guided," this is a statement that cannot be deemed reliable from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny).
- Abu Muhammad said: It has become evident that this narration is not establishable at all, and there is no doubt that it is a fabrication, because Allah, the Exalted, says in describing His Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), {And he does not speak from [his own] inclination. It is not but a revelation revealed} (Surah An-Najm 53:3-4). Therefore, if all his (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) words regarding the Shariah are indeed true, they are, without doubt, from Allah, the Exalted. And what is from Allah, the Exalted, entails no disagreement, as He, the Exalted, says: {Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [anyone] other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction} (Surah An-Nisa 4:82) ....

Reference: Al'iihkam Fi 'Usul Al'ahkam Book 6
Hadith No: 5
Al-Ziyāʾlī - Takhrīj al-Aḥādīth wa al-Āthār waqīʿah fī Tafsīr al-Kashāf lil-Zamakhsharī - Surah al-Nahl
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (229 > 232)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]

678 - Hadith Six: .... Ibrahim ibn Musa narrated to us, saying: Yazid ibn Harun narrated to us, from Juwaybir from Jawab ibn Ubaydullah, who said: The Messenger (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said: "The example of my companions is like the stars in the sky. Whoever takes hold of a star from them will be guided, and whichever statement of my companions you follow, you will be guided." Then al-Bayhaqī said: "This is a well-known hadith, and all its chains are weak; nothing from them has been established."
- As for the hadith that follows, al-Dārqutnī narrated it in his book entitled Gharā'ib Mālik, saying: Isma'il ibn Yahya al-Absi narrated to us, from al-Hasan ibn Mahdī ibn Abdah al-Marwazī, from Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Sukkarī, from Abu Yahya Bakr ibn Isa al-Marwazī, from Jamil ibn Yazid, from Malik ibn Anas, from Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from his father, from Jabir, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said: "Whatever you find in the Book of Allah, you must act upon; you have no excuse to leave it for anything else. What you do not find in the Book of Allah, but which is my Sunnah, you must also act upon; you have no excuse to leave it for anything else. What you are not given in the Book of Allah and is not in my Sunnah, you should refer to my companions. Whichever statement of my companions you follow will guide you, for the example of my companions is like the stars. Whoever takes hold of a star from them will be guided." Then he said: "This cannot be reliably attributed to Malik, and his narrators are unknown."
- He also narrated in his book al-Mu'talif wa al-Mukhtalif from another path, saying: Ahmad ibn Kamil ibn Khalaf narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Ruh, from Salam ibn Sulayman al-Madaiʾni, from al-Harith ibn Ghusayn, from al-A'mash, from Abu Sufyan, from Jabir, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said: "My companions are like the stars; whichever one you follow will guide you." He mentioned this in the biography of al-Harith ibn Ghusayn, noting that he had narrated it with the subtle point of the negation. Al-Harith ibn Ghusayn narrates from Mansur, al-A'mash, Husayn, and Layth ibn Abi Salim, and others. Salam ibn Sulayman al-Madaiʾni and Yahya ibn Ya'la al-Aslami, among others, narrated from him. Ibn Tahir said: "This narration is weak due to Salam al-Madaiʾni, for he is considered unreliable."
- As for the hadith from Abu Hurairah, al-Qudai narrated it in Musnad al-Shihab, saying: Abu al-Fath ibn Mansur ibn Ali al-Anmazhi narrated to us, from Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Rashiq, from Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn Muhammad, from Ja'far ibn Abdul-Wahid al-Hashimi, from Wahb ibn Jarir ibn Hazim, from his father, from al-A'mash, from Abu Salih, from Abu Hurairah, from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny), who said: "The example of my companions is like the stars; whoever follows something from them will be guided." And this is considered weak due to Ja'far ibn Abdul-Wahid. It was reported from al-Dārqutnī that he said concerning him: "He used to fabricate hadith." Ibn Tahir said: "He used to narrate strange things from trustworthy sources. Even if this narration were to be valid, it would be correct."
- As for the hadith from Ibn Umar, Abd ibn Humayd narrated it in his Musnad, and al-Dārqutnī in his book on the virtues of the companions, both from the narration of Hamzah al-Jazari from Nafi' from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said: "My companions are like the stars; whoever takes hold of a star will be guided."
Ibn Adi narrated it in al-Kamil, stating that it is a strange hadith. He said: "Hamzah al-Jazari is Hamzah ibn Hamzah al-Nasibi, who used to fabricate hadith." Ibn Tahir said: "Hamzah al-Nasibi is a liar." Al-Bishr ibn al-Husayn al-Isbahani also narrated it from al-Zubair ibn Uday from Anas, and this Bishr narrated from al-Zubair fabricated narrations.
- A hadith on the same topic was narrated by al-Bayhaqi in his book al-Madkhal, who said: Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz narrated to us, from Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, from Bakr ibn Sahil, from Nu'aym ibn Hammad, from Abd al-Rahim ibn Zayd al-'Ammi,
from his father, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said to me: "I asked my Lord, Mighty and Majestic be He, about what my companions would differ on after me, and He revealed to me, 'O Muhammad, your companions are to me like the stars in the sky; some are brighter than others. Whoever holds onto something from their differences is on guidance.'" This is also considered weak due to Abd al-Rahim al-'Ammi. Ibn Ma'in said: "He is a liar." He said at another time: "He is nothing." Al-Bukhari and al-Nasa'i said: "They abandoned him," and Abu Dawud said: "His narrations are weak." There is also a possibility of a break in the chain between Sa'id and Umar.

Reference: Takhiriyj al'ahadith walathar alwaqieat fi Tafseer alkishaf lilzamkhasharii Book 2
Hadith No: 6
Ibn al-Jawzi - Al-'Ilal al-Mutanahiyyah fi al-Ahadith al-Wahiyyah - Book of Virtues and Criticisms
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (282/283)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]

457 - Another Hadith: Nu'aym ibn Hammad narrated, saying: Abd al-Rahim ibn Zayd al-'Ammi narrated to us from his father, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, from Umar ibn al-Khattab, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said, "I asked my Lord about what my companions would differ on after me, and He revealed to me, 'O Muhammad, your companions are to me like the stars in the sky; some are more luminous than others. Whoever adheres to something from their differing views is on guidance.'" The author said: This is not authentic; Nu'aym is regarded as unreliable. And Yahya ibn Ma'in said: Abd al-Rahim is a liar.

Reference: Al-Elal al-Mutanaahiyah fi al-Ahaadith al-Waahiyah Book 1
Hadith No: 7
Ibn Abd al-Barr - Jamia Bayan al-Ilm wa Fadlih
Chapter on Mentioning Evidence from the Statements of the Salaf that Discrepancy is Error and Correctness, Necessitating a Seeker of Proof in Its Presence
And mentioning some of what they criticized and denied in each other at times of their disagreement
And explaining the meaning of his statement (peace be upon him), "My companions are like stars"
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (923)
1757 - Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Sa'd informed us, reading to me from his own knowledge, that Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated to them, saying: Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn Ayub al-Ruqai narrated to us, and Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Amr ibn Abd al-Khaliq al-Bazzar said to us: "I asked them about what is narrated from the Prophet (peace be upon him) regarding what is in the hands of the general populace, which they relate from the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he said, 'The example of my companions is like that of the stars, or my companions are like the stars; so whichever of them you follow, you will be guided.' This statement is not authentic from the Prophet (peace be upon him).' Abd al-Rahim ibn Zayd al-'Ummi narrated it from his father, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, from Ibn Umar, from the Prophet (peace be upon him), and Abd al-Rahim might also narrate it from his father, from Ibn Umar; however, the weakness of this hadith arises from Abd al-Rahim ibn Zayd because the scholars remained silent about narrating his hadith, and this statement is also dubious from the Prophet (peace be upon him).

Reference: Jamea' Bayaan al-Ilm wa Fadleh Book 2
Hadith No: 8
Ibn Abd al-Barr - Jami' Bayyan al-Ilm wa Fadlih
Chapter on Mentioning the Evidence from the Sayings of the Salaf that Disagreement is Error and Truth, Requiring a Seeker of Evidence to be Cautious
And mentioning some of what they corrected or denied in each other upon their disagreements
And explaining the meaning of his statement (peace be upon him and holy be his sanctified body), "My companions are like stars"
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (924)
1759 - Abu Amr said: Abu Shahab al-Hannat narrated from Hamza al-Jazari, from Nafi' from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and holy be his sanctified body) said, "My companions are only like stars; whichever of them you follow, you will be guided." This chain is not authentic, and those who can be relied upon will not narrate it from Nafi'," and al-Bazaar's statement is not correct in any case, because following the companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him and holy be his sanctified body) individually is only for those who are ignorant of what they are inquiring about. For one in such a situation, adherence is necessary, and he did not instruct his companions to follow each other if they interpreted something in a reasonable, permissible, and valid way regarding fundamental matters. Rather, each of them is a star, and it is permissible for an ignorant layperson to emulate them in matters of faith. Likewise, other scholars among the general public. And Allah knows best. An isnad different from what al-Bazaar mentioned has also been narrated regarding this hadith.

Reference: Jamea' Bayaan al-Ilm wa Fadleh Book 2
Hadith No: 9
Ibn Abd al-Bar - Jami' Bayan al-Ilm wa Fadlihi
Chapter on Mentioning the Evidence from the Sayings of the Predecessors that Disagreement is Correct and Incorrect, which Requires the Seeker of Proof to be Cautious
And mentioning some of what they disapproved of and condemned in each other when they differed
And explaining the meaning of his statement (peace be upon him), "My Companions are like stars"
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (925)
1760 - Ahmad ibn Umar narrated to us, who said: Abd ibn Ahmad narrated to us, Ali ibn Umar narrated to us, Qadi Ahmad ibn Kamal narrated to us, Abd Allah ibn Ruh narrated to us, Salam ibn Sulaym narrated to us, Harith ibn Ghusayn narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from Abu Sufyan from Jabir, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "My Companions are like stars; whichever of them you follow, you will be guided." Abu Umar said: This is an isnaad (chain of narration) that does not constitute a valid proof, because Harith ibn Ghusayn is unknown.

Reference: Jamea' Bayaan al-Ilm wa Fadleh Book 2
Hadith No: 10
Ibn Amir Hajj - al-Taqrir wa al-Tahbir 'ala Tahrir al-Kamal ibn al-Humam
Second Article on the Conditions of Fabrications - Fourth Chapter: On Consensus
Issue: And consensus does not become established with the two sheikhs, Abu Bakr and Umar
Volume: (3) - Page Number: (99)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... except that the first: "My companions are like stars; you will be guided by whichever of them you follow," is not known to be true, based on Ibn Hazm's statement in his great treatise that it is a fabrication, concocted, and false."

- And what al-Daraqutni and Ibn Abd al-Barr narrated from Jabir who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) said, "The example of my companions in my community is like that of stars; so by following any of them, you will be guided" was also not authentically reported.
- From this, Ahmad said: "This hadith is not authentic."
- Al-Bazzar stated: "This speech from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) is not trustworthy."
- However, al-Bayhaqi said in his book on creed: "We narrated it in a connected hadith with a chain that is not strong, and in another disconnected hadith."

Reference: al-Taqreer Wa al-Tahreer Alaa Tahreer al-Kamaal Ibn al-Homaam Book 3
Hadith No: 11
Ibn Nizam al-Din al-Ansari - Fawatih al-Rahmut bi-Sharh Muslim al-Thubut
Volume: (2) - Page Number: (493/494)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... "As for the opposition with my companions, they are like stars; by whichever of them you follow, you will be guided." Ibn Adi and Ibn Abd al-Barr narrated this (and take half of your religion from the one with the reddish donkey), referring to the Mother of the Believers, Aisha the Siddiqah, as mentioned in al-Mukhtabar. This can be dismissed because both are considered weak and not suitable for use in actions, let alone opposing authentic narrations. As for the first hadith, it was not known." Ibn Hazm said in his Major Epistle: "It is a lie, fabricated, and false," and Ahmad and al-Bazzar agreed with him." ....

Reference: Fawaateh al-Rahmoot Be-Sharh Muslim al-Saboot Book 2