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The ablutions (Wudhu) of Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his holy progeny)

Narrated Al-Mughira bin Shu`ba:

The Prophet (s.a.w.a.) went to answer the call of nature, and when he returned, I met him with water and he performed the ablution while he was wearing a Sham, cloak. He rinsed his mouth, put the water in his nose and blew it out, washed his face and tried to take his hands out of his sleeves, but they were too narrow, so he took out his hands from under his chest and washed them and then passed his wet hands over his head and Khuffs.

Reference: Saheeh al-Bukhari Book 77 Tradition No. 5798

Hadith No: 2
Ahmad ibn Hanbal - Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Musnad of the Ten Promised Paradise - Musnad of Uthman ibn Affan (r)
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (58)
417 - Muhammad ibn Jaafar narrated to us, who said: Saeed narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Muslim ibn Yasar, from Humran ibn Aban, from Uthman ibn Affan (r): that he called for water, then performed ablution (wudu), rinsed his mouth, and inhaled water through his nose, then washed his face three times and his arms three times, and wiped his head and the tops of his feet, then he laughed and said to his companions: "Aren't you going to ask me what made me laugh?" They said: "What made you laugh, O Commander of the Faithful?" He replied: "I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) call for water near this place and perform ablution as I did, then laugh and say: 'Aren't you going to ask me what made me laugh?'" They said: "What made you laugh, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "When a servant calls for ablution and washes his face, Allah expiates every sin he committed with his face. When he washes his arms, it is the same, and if he wipes his head, it is the same, and when he purifies his feet, it is the same."

Reference: Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Book 1

Hadith No: 3
Ahmad ibn Hanbal - Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Musnad of the Ten Promised Paradise - Musnad of Uthman ibn Affan (r)
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (68)
489 - Ibn al-Ashja'i narrated to us, saying: My father narrated to us, from Sufyan, from Salim Abi al-Nadr, from Basar ibn Sayeed, who said: Uthman approached the seats and called for ablution. He rinsed his mouth and inhaled water through his nose, then washed his face three times and his hands three times. Then he wiped over his head and feet three times each, and said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) perform ablution like this. O you all, is this not so?" They said: Yes, in confirmation of a few companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) who were there.

Reference: Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Book 1

Hadith No: 4
Ahmad ibn Hanbal - Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Musnad of the Ten Promised Paradise - And from the Musnad of Ali ibn Abi Talib (r)
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (96)
739 - Waki' narrated to us, saying: al-A'mash narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Abd Khayr, from Ali (r) who said: "I used to think that the soles of the feet were more deserving of being wiped than their surfaces until I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) wipe their surfaces."

Reference: Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Book 1

Hadith No: 5
Ahmad ibn Hanbal - Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Musnad of the Ten Promised Paradise - and from the Musnad of Ali ibn Abi Talib (r)
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (114)
919 - Abdullah narrated to us, saying: Ishaq ibn Isma'il narrated to us, saying: Waki' narrated to us, saying: al-A'mash narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq, from Abd Khayr, from Ali (r) who said: "I used to think that the outer surfaces of the feet were more deserving of being wiped than their inner surfaces until I saw رسول الله (s) wiping their outer surfaces."

Reference: Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Book 1

Hadith No: 6

It was narrated that Rubai' said:

"Ibn 'Abbas came to me and asked me about this Hadith" meaning the Hadith, that she had narrated, saying that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.) performed ablution and washed his feet. "Ibn 'Abbas said: 'The people are insisting on washing their feet, but I do not find anything in the Qur'an except (the injunction to) wipe them.'"

Reference: Sunan Ibn Maajah Book 1 Tradition No. 192

Hadith No: 7

'Ali bin Yahya bin Khallad narrated, from his father, from his paternal uncle Rifa'ah bin Rafi' that:

He was sitting with the Prophet who said: 'No person's prayer is complete until he performs ablution properly as Allah has commanded him, washing his face, his arms up to the elbows, wiping his head and his feet up to the ankles.'"

Reference: Sunan Ibn Maajah Book 1 Tradition No. 194

Hadith No: 8
Al-Suyuti - al-Durr al-Manthur fi al-Tafsir bil-Ma'thur - Surah al-Maidah (5): 6
Volume: (3) - Page Number: (28/29)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... Ibn Abi Hatim narrated from Ibn Abbas regarding his statement: {And wipe over your heads and your legs (Surah al-Maidah 5:6)} who said: It is wiping.
- .... And Abd al-Razzaq, Ibn Abi Shaybah, and Ibn Majah narrated from Ibn Abbas, who said: The people would not accept anything but washing, and I find nothing in the Book of Allah except wiping.
- .... And Abd al-Razzaq and Ibn Jarir narrated from Ibn Abbas, who said: Wudu (ablution) consists of two washes and two wipes.
- .... And Abd al-Razzaq and Abd ibn Humayd narrated from Ibn Abbas, who said: Allah made two washes and two wipes obligatory, do you not see that he mentioned tayammum (dry ablution) and made two wipes instead of the two washes, while leaving the two wipes?
- .... And Sa'id ibn Mansur, Ibn Abi Shaybah, and Ibn Jarir narrated from Anas that he was told that al-Hajjaj addressed them and said: Wash your faces and your hands, and wipe over your heads and your legs, and that there is nothing from the son of Adam closer to impurities than his feet, so wash their fronts and backs and groins. Anas said: Allah spoke the truth, and al-Hajjaj lied. Allah said: {And wipe over your heads and your legs (Surah al-Maidah 5:6)} and Anas would, when wiping, wet his feet.

Reference: Al-Durr al-Manthoor fi Tafseer al-Mathoor Book 3

Hadith No: 9
Al-Qurtubi - Tafsir al-Qurtubi - al-Jami' li Ahkam al-Quran
Surah al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread): 6 - His statement, Mighty and Majestic be He:
{O you who have believed, when you rise to perform prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows.}
Volume: (6) - Page Number: (56)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... I said: It has been narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: "Wudu (ablution) consists of two washings and two wipes."
- .... And it is narrated that al-Hajjaj delivered a sermon in al-Ahwaz and mentioned wudu, saying: "Wash your faces and your hands, and wipe over your heads and feet," adding that nothing in the son of Adam is closer to impurity than his feet, so wash their fronts, backs, and ankles. Anas ibn Malik heard this and said: "Allah has spoken the truth, and al-Hajjaj has lied." Allah, Exalted and Glorious be He, said: {And wipe over your heads and your feet} (al-Ma'idah 5:6). He used to wipe his feet while wet.
- .... Ikrimah used to wipe his feet and said: "There is no washing for the feet; only wiping was prescribed for them."
- .... And Amir al-Sha'bi said: "Gabriel descended with the command to wipe." Do you not see that tayammum (dry purification) involves wiping where there was once washing and nullifies what was once a wipe?
- .... And Qatadah said: "Allah mandated two washings and two wipings."

Reference: Tafseer al-Qurtubbi Book 6

Hadith No: 10
Ibn Kathir - Tafsir Ibn Kathir - Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim - Interpretation of Surah al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread): 5:6 - Interpretation of His statement, exalted be He:
{O you who have believed, when you rise to perform prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows}
Volume: (3) - Page Number: (52)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... And Ibn Jarir said: Abu Kuwayb narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Qays al-Khurasani narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, from Amr ibn Dinar, from Ikrimah from Ibn Abbas, who said: "Ablution consists of two washes and two wipes." Similarly, Sa'id ibn Abi Arubah narrated from Qatadah.
- .... And Ibn Abi Hatim said: My father narrated to us, saying: Abu Mi'mar al-Manqari narrated to us, from Abdur Wahhab, from Ali ibn Zayd, from Yusuf ibn Mithran from Ibn Abbas, regarding {And wipe over your heads and your feet to the ankles (al-Ma'idah 5:6)} said, "This is the wiping."
- .... And Ibn Jarir said: Ya'qub narrated to us, from Ibn 'Aliyyah, from Ayyub, who said: "I saw Ikrimah wiping over his feet," and he used to say this.
- .... And Ibn Jarir said: Abu al-Sayib narrated to me, saying: Ibn Idris narrated to us, from Dawud ibn Abi Hind from al-Sha'bi, who said: "Gabriel descended with the command to wipe."

Reference: Tafseer al-Quran al-Azeem Book 3

Hadith No: 11
Al-Shawkani - Tafsir Fath al-Qadeer - Interpretation of Surah Al-Ma'idah: 6 - Explanation of His Statement, exalted be He:
{O you who have believed, when you rise to perform prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows}
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (358)
[The text is lengthy, so only the relevant excerpt is provided here]
- .... It was narrated: from Ibn Abbas, who said: Wudu (ablution) consists of two washes and two wipes.
- .... It was said: And Ikrimah used to wipe his feet and said there is no washing in the feet, but that wiping was prescribed for them.
- .... And Amir al-Sha'bi said: Gabriel (Jibril) descended with the act of wiping.
- .... It was said: And Qatadah said: Allah mandated two wipes and two washes.

Reference: Fath al-Qadeer Book 1

Hadith No: 12
Ibn Abi Shaybah - Al-Kitab al-Musannaf fi al-Ahadith wa al-Athar
Book of Purifications - How Many Times to Perform Ablution
Volume: (1) - Page Number: (16)
56 - Muhammad ibn Bashar narrated to us, saying: Sa'id ibn Abi 'Urobah narrated to us, from Qatadah, from Muslim ibn Yasar, from Humran, who said: Uthman called for water and performed ablution (wudu), then he laughed and said: "Will you not ask me what made me laugh?" They said: "O Commander of the Faithful, what made you laugh?" He replied: "I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him and his holy progeny) perform ablution just as I have done, rinsing his mouth, sniffing water up his nose, washing his face three times, his hands, wiping his head, and the tops of his feet."